PowerShell Scripts

1. Change a large number of users passwords in AD.

   With AD don’t forget to use the command Import-module ActiveDirectory

   # Set the new password

   $newPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "SuperPassword123!@#" -AsPlainText -Force

   # Loop through users Student1 through Student24

   for ($i = 1; $i -le 24; $i++) {

   $username = "Student$i"

   # Change password for each user

   Set-ADAccountPassword -Identity $username -NewPassword $newPassword -Reset

   }

   # Optional: Force users to change their password at next logon

   foreach ($username in (1..24 | ForEach-Object { "Student$_" })) {

   Set-ADUser -Identity $username -ChangePasswordAtLogon $true

   }

2. Create A large number of users in AD from an excel file

   Install-Module -Name ImportExcel -Force -AllowClobber

   # Import the Excel module

   Import-Module ImportExcel

   # Specify the path to the Excel file

   $excelFilePath = "C:\Path\To\Your\File.xlsx"

   # Import data from Excel

   $data = Import-Excel $excelFilePath

   # Loop through each row in the Excel file and create users

   foreach ($row in $data) {

   $username = $row.Username

   $password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $row.Password -AsPlainText -Force

   $givenName = $row.GivenName

   $surName = $row.SurName

   $displayName = "$givenName $surName"

   $ou = $row.OrganizationalUnit # Specify the Organizational Unit (OU) where you want to create users

   # Create user

   New-ADUser -SamAccountName $username -UserPrincipalName "$username@yourdomain.com" -Name $displayName -GivenName $givenName -Surname $surName -DisplayName $displayName -Enabled $true -Path $ou -AccountPassword $password -ChangePasswordAtLogon $true

   }

   # Optional: Display a message indicating that user creation is complete

   Write-Host "User creation from Excel file completed."

3. Add all users in one group called “Trainers” to a new group called “Techs”

   # Import the Active Directory module

   Import-Module ActiveDirectory

   # Specify the names of the source and target groups

   $sourceGroupName = "Trainers"

   $targetGroupName = "Techs"

   # Get all users from the source group

   $sourceGroupMembers = Get-ADGroupMember -Identity $sourceGroupName -Recursive | Where-Object { $_.objectClass -eq 'user' }

   # Add each user to the target group

   foreach ($user in $sourceGroupMembers) {

   Add-ADGroupMember -Identity $targetGroupName -Members $user.SamAccountName

   }

   # Display a message indicating that the users have been added to the target group

   Write-Host "Users from '$sourceGroupName' group added to '$targetGroupName' group."

4. Export to CSV the membership details of all users in a specific OU

   # Import the Active Directory module

   Import-Module ActiveDirectory

   # Specify the path where you want to save the CSV file

   $outputFilePath = "C:\Path\To\Export\GroupMembershipDetails.csv"

   # Specify the distinguished name of the target OU

   $ouDistinguishedName = "OU=YourOU,DC=yourdomain,DC=com"

   # Get all user objects in the specified OU

   $usersInOU = Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase $ouDistinguishedName -Properties MemberOf

   # Create an array to store the results

   $results = @()

   # Loop through each user and retrieve group membership details

   foreach ($user in $usersInOU) {

   $userDetails = [PSCustomObject]@{

   UserName = $user.SamAccountName

   DisplayName = $user.DisplayName

   MemberOf = ($user.MemberOf | Get-ADGroup | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name) -join ', '

   }

   $results += $userDetails

   }

   # Export the results to a CSV file

   $results | Export-Csv -Path $outputFilePath -NoTypeInformation

   # Display a message indicating that the export is complete

   Write-Host "Group membership details exported to $outputFilePath."

Cisco IOS Commands

1. Clear the switch config and delete vlan.dat

   sw(config): write erase

   sw(config): delete flash:vlan.dat

   sw#: reload

   2. Copy config to TFTP server

   Switch(config)# tftp-server flash:FILENAME tftp_ip_address

   (Replace FILENAME with the name you want to give to the exported configuration file, and replace tftp_ip_address with the IP address of your TFTP server.)

   Switch# copy running-config tftp:

   Address or name of remote host []? 1.1.1.1 (your tftp server IP)

   3. Upgrade Cisco IOS from USB

   Switch(config)# usbflash0:YOUR_IOS_IMAGE.bin flash:

   Switch(config)# show flash:

   Switch(config)# boot system flash:YOUR_IOS_IMAGE.bin

   Switch(config)# write memory

   Switch# show version

   4. In ROMMON (ROM Monitor) mode on a Cisco switch, you can recover or change the enable password without deleting the entire configuration. Follow these steps:

   1. Reboot into ROMMON mode: You need to restart or power cycle the switch and break into ROMMON mode during the boot sequence. You can do this by pressing Ctrl + Break or Ctrl + C during the switch's boot process.

   2. Initialize the Flash File System:

      switch: flash_init

   3. Load the Helper Files:

      switch: load_helper

   4. Rename Configuration Files: Rename the configuration file to avoid it being loaded during the boot process:

      switch: rename flash:config.text flash:config.old

   5. Boot the Switch:

      switch: boot

      This will boot the switch without loading the configuration.

   6. Enter Privileged Exec Mode:

      Switch> enable

   7. Enter Global Configuration Mode:

      Switch# configure terminal

   8. Change the Enable Password:

      Switch(config)# enable secret NEW_PASSWORD

      Replace NEW_PASSWORD with your desired new enable password.

   9. Rename Configuration Files Back:

      Switch(config)# no rename flash:config.text flash:config.old

   10. Write Changes to Memory:

       Switch(config)# write memory

   11. Reload the Switch:

       Switch(config)# exit Switch# reload

   Confirm the reload when prompted.

   After the switch restarts, it should have the new enable password.